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Bangalore Rose Onions

The Bangalore rose onion, locally called gulabi eerulli, is a unique variety of onion grown predominantly in the Bangalore region of Karnataka. Known for its distinct deep scarlet red color and high pungency, this variety has been cultivated in the districts of Bangalore Urban, Bangalore Rural, Chikkaballapur, and Kolar. Although historically grown in other parts of Karnataka like Tumkur and Hassan, it is now cultivated almost exclusively in the Bangalore area.

The specific climate and soil conditions of this region, including a pH level between 6.5 and 7, humidity of 70-75%, and an average temperature of 25°C to 30°C, are ideal for the growth of the Bangalore rose onion, making it a truly regional specialty. In recognition of this unique connection to its geographical origins, the Bangalore rose onion was awarded a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2015, giving local growers the right to claim exclusive cultivation of this onion variety.

The distinctive characteristics of the Bangalore rose onion go beyond its vibrant color. Its bulbs are spherical with a flat base, and it is packed with nutrients like anthocyanins, phenols, protein, phosphorus, iron, and carotene. These nutritional benefits add to its appeal in global markets. Interestingly, despite its robust flavor and high nutritional value, the Bangalore rose onion is rarely consumed in large quantities in India itself.

Instead, it finds a strong export market, being shipped to countries like Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Bahrain, UAE, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. The onion’s popularity in these countries is driven by its pungency and unique flavor, making it a sought-after ingredient in various cuisines.

The export of Bangalore rose onions has seen fluctuating figures over the years. In the financial year 2010–11, around 22,000 tonnes were exported, though this was lower compared to earlier years when over 30,000 tonnes were regularly shipped.

The establishment of an Agri Export Zone (AEZ) specifically for rose onions in Karnataka helped bolster its export market, with over ₹500 crore worth of onions exported in the five years following the AEZ’s creation. The GI status has further solidified its reputation globally, while protecting the interests of local farmers who have maintained the traditions of growing this unique variety.